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Un trésor caché sous la surface de la Terre : une énorme quantité de diamants

Un trésor caché sous la surface de la Terre : une énorme quantité de diamants

Vous n’imaginez pas le trésor caché sous nos pieds, notamment sous la surface de la Terre. Les chercheurs du Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) ont fait part d’une énorme quantité de diamants excédant le million de milliards de tonnes se trouvant de 145 à 240 kilomètres sous nos pieds. Un nombre largement plus important que les estimations effectuées précédemment, notamment 1000 fois plus qu’ils ne le pensaient. Bien que cette nouvelle soit surprenante, y avoir accès reste encore impossible étant donné que le forage d’aujourd’hui ne peut encore atteindre cette distance. Cependant, cette quantité reste plus étonnante que ce que l’on pouvait penser.

« On ne peut pas les atteindre mais il y a là beaucoup plus de diamants que nous le pensions » a exprimé le chercheur au département des sciences planétaires, atmosphériques et de la Terre au MIT, Ulrich Faul. Ce dernier poursuit que : « Cela montre que le diamant n’est peut-être pas ce minéral exotique mais qu’à l’échelle des choses, il est relativement commun ».

Une étude scientifique a prouvé la présence de cette bonne quantité de diamants sous terre

Les chercheurs scientifiques se sont concentrés sur cette étude après avoir observé une accélération considérable des ondes sonores en passant à travers les racines des vieux cratons.

Pour aller plus loin dans cette étude, les scientifiques se sont donc basés sur la sismologie pour analyser la vitesse des ondes sonores qui passent à travers la Terre. C’est donc dans les roches nommées cratons, s’étendant à travers la croûte terrestre et au fond du manteau que ces chercheurs ont pu repérer la présence de ce trésor.

C’est alors que les chercheurs ont assemblé des roches virtuelles, composées de diverses combinaisons de minerais afin d’évaluer la vitesse des ondes sonores lorsqu’elles traversent les compositions.
M. Faul a souligné que le diamant est particulier. Il se distingue en général par la vitesse du son qui est deux fois plus rapide que dans le minerai dominant dans les roches du manteau supérieur, l’olivine.

C’est donc en se basant sur cette propriété spécifique du diamant que les scientifiques ont découvert que le seul type de roche qui coïncidait aux vitesses identifiées dans le craton contenait 1 à 2% de diamants.

D’où leur conclusion prouvée que les vieilles roches souterraines ont une forte contenance en diamants 1000 fois plus qu’ils ne le pensaient avant cette recherche.

Et bien que cette nouvelle surprenante puisse engendrer une excitation chez les grandes maisons de joaillerie, les chercheurs ont mentionné que ces pierres précieuses ne sont pas près d’être accessibles. Aucune bijouterie ne pourra mettre la main sur cet éblouissant pactole en fin fonds de la Terre. Elles devront toutes rester sur leur soif face à ces observations partagées par les chercheurs scientifiques.

Reste à savoir si une technologie innovante pourrait proposer une solution efficace et performante pour donner la possibilité d’exploiter ce riche trésor se trouvant en profondeur sous la surface terrestre. En tout cas, les professionnels qui ont mené l’étude n’ont pas pu trouver la solution pour le faire jusqu’ici.

Les diamants, faits de carbone, se forment sous très forte pression et sous une température extrême en pleine profondeur de la Terre. Et d’après les chercheurs scientifiques, seules des éruptions volcaniques qui ne se présentent que très rarement, peuvent émerger les diamants en profondeur près de la surface de la Terre. Cette pression doit atteindre quelques dizaines de milliers d’atmosphères pour plus de 1000°C.  « Nous avons examiné toutes les possibilités sous chaque angle, et c’est la seule qui nous paraisse raisonnable ».

 

Quentin

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